PART 3
For numbers 18-27, give the letters A-G for the type of accident for which this treatment is appropriate.

EMERGENCY TREATMENT

In which accident should you........ ?
18. not touch someone ..........
19. avoid giving someone too much to drink ..........
20. put a blanket under them ..........
21. open the window ..........
22. protect the patient from sunlight ..........
23. drink sterilised water ..........
24. observe the victim’s  breathing carefully ..........
25. not apply medication ..........
26. restrict the circulation of the blood ..........
27. not take away any clothing ..........

A.
Heat Burn
If the victim’s clothing is on fire, make him lie down and try to put out the flames with a rug, blanket
or coat.  Do not remove any clothing from an area which has been burned as this may lead to infection of the burnt area.  Do not wash or apply any cream or paste.  Apply a dry dressing which should
be left exposed, but protect from sunlight.  The belief that air must be completely excluded from a
burn is wrong, as is the practice of applying ointments to the burn.  They may in fact start infection
and destroy any chance of healing without scars.  If there are blisters, do not prick them.


B.
Electrical Burn
If possible, turn off the electric current, or remove the victim from the current.  To do the latter, use
something that does not conduct electricity, such as a dry pole, branch or rope, or with dry clothing.
Do not touch him directly or with anything metallic or wet while he is still in contact with the live
outlet.

C.
Shock
If the burn victim is in shock, lay him on his back and make him comfortable and cover the burn with
a dry dressing.  He should be protected from chilling, but of course there should be no application of
warmth because the raised temperature will increase demand by the tissues for oxygen, which loss
of blood may already have diminished.  The patient should be given nothing to drink unless he cries
out with thirst.  He should be allowed to sip, but not gulp.  If necessary, give the liquid by the spoonful
to avoid gulping.


D.
Snake Bites
If someone bas been bitten by a snake, he should be put on his back, and movement of any sort
should be prevented.  A tourniquet should be applied round the limb between the bite and the heart,
and tightened until the veins stand out.  If the limb becomes blue, loosen the band a little.  Medical
help should be called for.  In the meantime, raise the bitten limb to reduce circulation, and do not cut
or suck the bite or rub anything into it.

E.
Upset Stomach
If the person is sick repeatedly, do not let him eat any solid food for 24 hours.  He should drink only
boiled or bottled water.  If he has constantly to go to the bathroom, he should be given an alkaline
mixture, such as kaolin, obtained from the chemist.  He should take one tablespoonful every four
hours.  If the sickness continues, or returns after 24 hours, consult a doctor.

F.
Exposure
A person suffering from severe and prolonged exposure should be admitted to hospital as soon as
possible.  In the meantime, place blankets both under and over the victim to prevent chilling.  Do not
apply artificial warmth.

G.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Get the victim out of the poisonous atmosphere, or if in a car, open all windows and doors after
turning off the engine.  If you have to enter the poisonous atmosphere, take a deep breath at the last
minute, and do not rush.  If you cannot get the victim out alone or at the first attempt try to get help.
If he is still breathing when he has been removed from the poisonous atmosphere, it is sufficient to
watch him to ensure that breathing continues until medical help arrives.  If he is not breathing apply
artificial respiration at once.  If he is still conscious he will probably recover quite quickly, but watch
him carefully.